ETHICS CLARIFIED
The first, and negative, principle in the Buddha's
ethics requires strict non-indulgence in the cravings, desires that
clearly produce suffering. Any form of desire whose indulgence entails
misery is to be overcome.
But how is one to know that the desires
he is indulging in are of this sort? The first three of
the Four Noble Truths provide the criterion: Where life becomes
miserable, the misery is always the result of partaking in some sort
of desire, hence such misery-producing desires are to be abandoned.
The Buddha, however, does not condemn all
desires. Salvation obviously cannot be attained by negative means
alone. Hence, the second, and positive, principle in the Buddha's
ethics states that by the attainment of the right or truly joy-bringing
desires, one can transcend completely, and erase from consciousness, the
kinds of desires that produce suffering.
The fourth of the Four Noble Truths
therefore asserts that desires whose indulgence will not result in an
increase of misery, but rather in the decrease or elimination of it, are
the desires leading to salvation.
The ultimate goal is that all desires will be swallowed up in the
complete peace of no-desire.
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